• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Water treatment plant. The plant is used to treat ballast water from ships or from a brushing machine or a sanding machine before returning it to the sea. The proposed plant saves time and thus increases the effectiveness of the vessels. It can also be used installed in port, on board the ship itself or on a boat. It is a modular plant and comprises a suction device for the water to be treated (1); at least one filter module (2), with at least one filter element; at least one disinfectant module (3), with at least one UV reactor; a filtered material outlet (4), through which the solids removed from the treated water are sent to a holding tank; and a treated water outlet (5), through which said treated water is sent to the sea (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2788249A1
    申请号:ES201930352
    申请日:2019-04-17
    公开日:2020-10-20
    发明作者:Asis Gregorio Raul Ayllon
    申请人:Balizamientos Y Obras Hidraulicas De Mazarron S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] The present invention describes a water treatment plant for the elimination of biological contamination, which is intended to be used in port or on a ship and which is configured to treat water from two sources:
    [0007] • From the ballast tanks of the ships before pouring the water from the ballasts into the sea.
    [0008] • From a planing or sanding machine, to extract solid matter from living works from the cleaning of ship hulls and floating devices.
    [0010] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0012] One of the greatest threats to biodiversity in the world's marine and ocean ecosystems is the introduction of alien, invasive marine species carried in ballast water and ship sediments, as well as in the colonies that adhere and nest in the submerged part of the hulls of the ships.
    [0014] Large ships carry volumes in excess of 20,000 tons of water from distant origins with invasive species on board. All this water is absorbed in a remote part of the ocean and thrown in another opposite part of the planet with the corresponding species, completely alien to the new habitat. The development of invasive or invasive species is attributed to this flow of water, such as the appearance of red algae in the Mediterranean or the location of a puffer fish, for example, in Vigo.
    [0016] The International Maritime Organization (IMO), through the Committee for the Protection of the Marine Environment, has been dealing with this serious ecological problem and has adopted various resolutions to prevent and minimize the damage caused by these transfers of harmful aquatic organisms, adopted in Spain after the Publication in 2016 in the BOE, of the Instrument of ratification of the International Convention for the control and management of ballast water and sediments from ships, made in London on February 13, 2004, effective as of September 8, 2017.
    [0017] The International Convention entered into force 12 months after it had been adopted and ratified by 30 states, representing 35% of the world's merchant tonnage. As of March 26, 2012, 35 countries had ratified the standard. Currently the criterion of approved countries has been achieved, the minimum tonnage has not yet been achieved, 27.95% of the required 35% tonnage (IMO direct source).
    [0019] Currently known water treatment technologies are for example mechanical treatments that include filtration or separation; physical treatments such as ozone sterilization, ultraviolet light, electric currents, and heat treatments; chemical treatments, such as adding biocides to kill organisms; or various combinations of the above.
    [0021] An associated technical problem is, for example, that several of these systems are too heavy to be able to go on board a ship (as is the case with grid and mesh filters made of steel). In the case of ultraviolet reactors, these are not completely efficient and require a large number of units.
    [0023] Plants, installed on land, are also known for cleaning ballasts using large sand filters. The problem with shore-based plants is that if they are used to purify water from a ship's ballast, the ship has to stop operating. For this reason, this same type of plant has currently been developed to be installed on board a ship (BWTM Systems ( Ballast Water Treatment Management), Certified by the IMO ( International Maritime Organized) and by the USCG ( United States Coast Guard) ).
    [0025] There are also electrolytic plants that use active substances approved by IMO during the process, such as sterilization with hypochlorite and subsequent neutralization with sodium thiophate.
    [0027] Likewise, with respect to the materials that are embedded in the surfaces of the hulls of ships, in the solutions of the state of the art the materials removed during the cleaning operations are thrown to the bottom of the sea by gravity or are carried by the currents. Said currently known solutions involve descaling by divers, manually or automatically by means of programmable or semi-automatic robots from a boat.
    [0029] With current systems, the collection of organic materials is not carried out, nor is the separation of microorganisms, nor is the safety of the spills ensured. regarding the lack of colony-forming units that can reproduce in the host environment as an invasive species.
    [0031] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0033] The present invention describes a water treatment plant that can work in the ballast loading phase, in the ballast discharge phase and in the cleaning phase of living works in a ship. The plant comprises a combination of filter elements (for solids separation) and UV reactors (for disinfection). With this solution, the ship or floating device maintains its usual operation, while it is flanked, since the loading is carried out on one band and the ballast emptying on the other band, after passing through the water treatment plant.
    [0035] Preferably, during the process, the filter elements of the plant, the filtration surface of which comprises polyethylene rings or other similar plastics. When the filters have a certain solid load, water from the already treated is injected, in the opposite direction to that of the filtrate. This is how the filters are cleaned. This is what is known as backwashing. These operations are carried out automatically, controlled by an electronic programmer that is also part of the plant. In the electronic programmer, the filtering variables are parameterized according to each specific operation and depending on the solid load to be treated.
    [0037] In addition, the time and pressure difference of the backwash operations can be selected in the electronic programmer. That is, you can select the time between washes, the time that each wash lasts, the differential pressure range between the inlet and outlet of the filter elements, etc. Based on these data, the periodicity of cleaning is selected.
    [0039] This represents a major advance over current filtration solutions, such as grid filters, in which, when cleaning is necessary, the filtering process must be stopped, the filters removed, cleaned, and reassembled. Thus, the electronic programmer controls the passage of water through the filter elements, in a first sense to filter the water and in a second sense, opposite to the first sense, to clean the filters with purified water.
    [0040] The backwash operation can be performed as a hydropneumatic cleaning. In this type of cleaning, the operation of backwash valves that reverse the flow direction is faster and the injection of air into the clean water chamber of each filter during cleaning reduces water consumption improves pressure needs and reduces cleaning time and therefore energy consumption.
    [0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the water to be treated in the plant can additionally come from a submerged vessel hull cleaning device hereinafter a brushing machine. This brushing machine can be operated by a single diver and consists of a twin brush assembly capable of cleaning entire hulls of ships, in a few hours. The brushes can be of different types, more or less dense, with several rows of fibers and degrees of hardness, depending on the use and the classification of the incrustations on the ship's hull. The brushing machine also comprises a bell inside which are the rest of the elements that acts as an enveloping shell, to physically separate the sea from the waste produced by brushing.
    [0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the plant can also comprise, instead of the brushing machine, a radial-type immersion polishing machine, which includes an abrasive disc for cleaning difficult surfaces, such as propellers, water intakes, etc. ., and like the planing machine, it works in a space confined by a bell that forms an enveloping shell. In this case, the hood allows the physical separation of the waste produced during sanding from the sea, in order to suction and drive the water with the solid charge towards the treatment plant.
    [0046] The key to the brushing machine or the sanding machine is that it is attached to the filter module (which in turn is connected to the disinfectant module), so that the incrustations that come off the living works of the helmet they are not released into the water but are sucked out. The sucked water is returned to the sea once it has been biologically decontaminated, and in an environmentally safe way. Subsequently, the solid cargoes separated from seawater will be sent to a legally authorized waste manager to be submitted to their regulatory destination in a harmless way.
    [0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the brushing machine and the sanding machine (the plant may comprise only one of them, both or neither) are easy to operate and can be fed by a pump unit with an adjustable flow rate from 25 to 50 l / min and maximum pressure of 160 bar at 3000 rpm to remove the incrustations by friction.
    [0049] To suck up the removed encrustations, the brushing machine and the sanding machine comprise a suction tube which in an embodiment can be made of plastic, of a diameter of about 150 mm connected to a suction pump, which passes about 1,000 liters per minute, through the processing system, which is that of the treatment plant already described.
    [0051] The UV disinfection is carried out with a wavelength that is, in an embodiment, 254 nm. It is generated by monochromatic emitters, which provide maximum germicidal effectiveness, inactivating the five main groups of microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa. When these microorganisms are exposed to UV radiation, it penetrates the cell wall reaching the nucleus where the genetic information is located, destroying its DNA chain and preventing its reproduction.
    [0053] The plant comprises quartz tubes that contain mercury vapor and these are responsible for emitting UV light radiation. When an electric current is introduced at the poles, an electric arc is generated that ionizes the mercury atoms, such that the electrons increase in energy and are converted into photons of ultraviolet light.
    [0055] One of the greatest advantages of the present invention is that it is completely portable, such that it can be locked on a dock or on a ship anchored in a dock. It also allows the discharge of treated water waste from the ship to a containment tank from which the pumping is carried out to the plant. Being portable and small, it can be easily transported by road from one port to another.
    [0057] With the water treatment plant of the present invention, the cleaning process is carried out minimizing risks to biosecurity, preventing potential damage to the environment, human health, economic factors, and social and cultural values. that represent pests, biological invasions and diseases that can penetrate, emerge, establish themselves or spread in the waters of the sea. In addition, the plant can be installed directly in the port where the ships to be treated are located or mounted on a vessel that is placed close to the ship to be treated at all times.
    [0059] Other advantages associated with the present invention are:
    [0060] - Time saving: water treatment can be performed from one side of the ship while the other side is loading the ship;
    [0062] - Savings in management costs: the expense is considerably reduced by carrying out the water treatment directly in the port.
    [0063] - Increased availability: thanks to the fact that water treatment can be carried out while the ship is loading, the availability of the ship is increased and the risks associated with other operations are minimized.
    [0065] - Improvement of the efficiency of the ship: the performance of the ship is increased since it can be loaded while the ballast water is being evacuated and treated, with great economy in the processes and its easy programming.
    [0067] - Environmental Safety: the plant is completely respectful of the environment, as it has a suction equipment, a module of high-efficiency and latest-generation plastic ring filters, and a module for ultraviolet light sterilization, it is guaranteed that sea water is returned safely.
    [0069] - Removal of environmentally hazardous waste: once the filtered biological materials and organic remains have been removed, which could have an environmental impact on the sea due to their invasive impact if they were released, the resulting material is treated as biological waste and delivered on land to an authorized manager to this end, to be finally destroyed.
    [0071] - No expense in additives: the procedure carried out in the plant does not use chemicals, stabilizers or disinfection agents.
    [0073] - Low energy consumption: the plant works at low pressure, does not use membranes nor does it need ozone generation.
    [0075] In addition, the plant is suitable for use on small and medium-length ships, as well as large and very large, affordable, easily scalable, environmentally friendly and promotes quick and easy water treatment. Furthermore, the plant is easy to install on board or can be externally coupled.
    [0077] Also, as previously described, the plant can be used during the water entry phase on board the ship or at the exit of the ballasts. In this way, in addition to guaranteeing environmental safety, legal and regulatory compliance is guaranteed.
    [0079] On the other hand, the cleaning device of the ship's hull allows the removal of biological fouling and other contaminants that dirty and adhere to the hull and submerged accessories of ships, boats and floating devices.
    [0080] From time to time it is necessary to clean the hull of ships to restore the operability of antifouling paint coatings, to improve the performance of navigation systems, including propulsion systems such as thrusters, shafts, sonar, rudders. and propellers, etc.
    [0082] The overall performance of the boat and its capacity can be improved by cleaning and maintaining it afloat, rather than carrying it out in dry dock or dry dock for cleaning processes. This practice increases the availability of the boat and minimizes the risks and associated costs. Removal of scale while the boat is in the water can restore most, if not all, performance after cleaning operations, with great process savings, both in cost and time. Regular cleaning of the living works (cleaning the scale from the boat hull) prevents limescale from progressing to the point where fouling damages the underlying anti-corrosion paint coatings. The specific benefits are described in the following paragraphs.
    [0084] Naval experience has shown that appreciable energy savings are obtained by keeping the submerged hull smooth, as well as the surfaces of the propeller, rudders, etc. Tests have been carried out showing fuel savings of more than 20 percent, as a result of cleaning the hull and polishing the propellers, which translates into environmental benefits such as reduced CO2 emissions from lower fuel consumption .
    [0086] Progressive biological encrustations cause an increase in energy and consumption resulting from the increase in the resistance of the hull as friction with the marine environment is greater, they translate into a decrease in the performance of the propeller, worsened with the intakes of sea water and associated tubing increasingly clogged.
    [0088] Also, fouling of the sonar dome decreases sonar efficiency; therefore cleaning the ship and sonar domes restores the effectiveness of the sonar system.
    [0090] The elimination of encrustations reduces the ship's own noise, thus increasing its hydrodynamic efficiency, maintaining the design of the hull lines as its naval architecture was conceived. In this way, breaks, failures and breakdowns typical of invasions of calcareous materials are reduced.
    [0091] The useful life of antifouling such as non-ablative vinyl antifouling applied correctly in the paint system, normally 2 years, can be extended up to 7 or more years when their life cycle allows it based on regularly scheduled inspections and cleaning periodically as part of the hull cleaning program in service with the plant of the present invention.
    [0093] Likewise, the useful life of ablative paint coatings applied correctly in the paint system, normally 5 to 7 years, can be extended to twice the time when their life cycle allows it based on regularly scheduled inspections and periodic cleaning such as part of the in-service helmet cleaning program.
    [0095] Calcareous encrustations accelerate paint system failures, thus increasing the susceptibility of the hull structure to corrosion. The life cycle through regularly scheduled inspections and periodic cleaning as part of the hull cleaning program extends the ship's in-service operating time by allowing periodic inspection of the remaining thicknesses of the steel plates.
    [0097] With this, it is possible to carry out measurements of the resulting materials and make predictions of repair and maintenance needs in dry dock or dry dock, avoiding severe corrosion problems and preventing serious consequences due to a drastic decrease in structural strength.
    [0099] No living works brushing machine is known from the state of the art that sucks the materials that have been descaled from the hull of the ship.
    [0101] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0103] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
    [0105] Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view of the elements of the water treatment plant.
    [0107] Figure 2.- Shows a schematic view of the elements of the water treatment plant when it comprises a ship hull cleaning device.
    [0108] Figure 3.- Shows the steps of the water treatment procedure in the plant when it is carried out during the loading phase of a ship.
    [0110] Figure 4.- Shows the steps of the water treatment procedure in the plant when it is carried out during the unloading phase of a ship.
    [0112] Figure 5.- Shows the steps of the water treatment procedure in the plant when it is carried out during the cleaning phase of living works.
    [0114] Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view of the brushing machine.
    [0116] Figure 7.- Shows a bottom view of the brushing machine in which the brushes and a guide wheel are observed.
    [0118] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0120] In the following, some embodiments of the present invention are described with the aid of FIGS. 1 to 7.
    [0122] The described water treatment plant is modular and comprises at least the elements that are observed in the diagram of figure 1. Said elements are a device for suctioning the water to be treated (1); at least one filter module (2), with at least one filter element; at least one disinfectant module (3), with at least one UV reactor; a filtered material outlet (4), through which the solids removed from the treated water are sent to a containment tank; and a treated water outlet (5), through which said treated water is sent to the sea.
    [0124] Preferably the at least one filter element of the filter module (2) is a ring filter. Most preferably it is a polyethylene ring filter. The number of filters depends on the conditions of the water to be treated, such as the volume of water to be treated, the type of solids expected to be in the water, etc. In an optimal embodiment of the invention, the number of filters in the filter module (2) ranges from 20 to 120 filters. In more extreme embodiments, said number of filters could be smaller or larger.
    [0125] In figure 2 a diagram has been represented in which a brushing machine (6) or a sanding machine can also be seen. This embodiment is intended to allow the periodic cleaning of the exterior of the vessels. As previously explained, it is necessary to treat ballast water whenever it is to be emptied from the ship, however hull cleaning operations are not performed each time the ship is anchored in a port. These operations are generally carried out on an annual basis.
    [0127] Depending on the needs of the application, two or more water treatment plants, as previously described, can be placed in parallel. In this way more water can be treated.
    [0129] The water treatment method of the equipment of the invention comprises first performing a mechanical suction action of ballast water or cleaning water from living works. Subsequently, the automatic water processing is carried out in the equipment. In a preferred embodiment, a filtration of solid parts (which can be, for example, particles from 10 pm) is carried out using ring filters or a separation of the solid parts (greater than 10 pm). Later, the processed water is disinfected using a UV reactor and the water is returned, already treated.
    [0131] Figure 3 shows a block diagram showing the water treatment procedure in the plant when it is carried out during the loading phase of a ship. Water is sucked in with the suction device (1), it is driven by pumping through at least one pump (9) towards the filter module (2), a filtration is carried out for separation of solids of 10 pm or more, a disinfection is carried out by UV in the filter module (3) and is sent to the tank in the ballast tank (10) of the ship.
    [0133] Figure 4 shows a block diagram showing the water treatment procedure at the plant when it is carried out during the unloading phase of a ship. In this case, the process is the same as the previous one, but the aspiration is carried out by means of the aspiration device (1) from inside the ballast tank (10) of the ship, subsequently it is passed by pumping with at least one pump (9 ) through the filter module (2) and the disinfectant module (3). Subsequently, the treated water was released into the sea through the treated water outlet (5).
    [0135] In figure 5 a block diagram has been represented in which the water treatment procedure in the equipment is shown when it is carried out during the cleaning phase of living works.
    [0136] In this case, the outer hull of the boat is cleaned, the incrustations are vacuumed, filtered, disinfected and the treated water is forwarded back to the sea.
    [0138] In an example of an embodiment, the plant comprises 20 10 pm cartridge filters, with a degree of flow filtration from 5 m3 / hour for large solid loads, to an estimate of 25 m3 / hour for very small solid loads, which gives a prototype interval from 60 to 100 m3 / hour up to 600 m3 / hour.
    [0140] As previously described, the plant is modular, and this allows the flow to be multiplied, reaching up to 120 cartridges for a single plant, with flow rates therefore from 600 m3 / hour to 3,200 m3 / hour.
    [0142] Likewise, the plants can be scaled up, for example, four plants can be set up for treatment from 2,400 m3 / hour to 12,800 m3 / hour.
    [0144] Figures 6 and 7 show a brushing machine (6). To avoid losses of the incrustations that are removed from the hull, the machine is used housed in a bell that acts as a separation between the sea water and the brushing machine (6). The incrustations removed are aspirated and sent to the filter module (2) to subsequently pass to the disinfectant module (3).
    [0146] The brushing machine (6) comprises at least one brush (7) configured to remove incrustations from the hull of a ship and which is connected, via a suction connection (11) to the suction device for the water to be treated (1). The removed scale is sucked with the suction device for water to be treated (1) from the ship hull cleaning device (6) to the filter module (2). Later they pass from the filter module (2) to the disinfectant module (3). It also comprises guide wheels (8) on which it rests on the surface of the hull of the ship, and which allow the movement of the brushing machine (6) on said hull.
    [0148] As previously described, in another embodiment, the plant comprises, instead of a brushing machine (6), a sanding machine (or both). The sanding machine comprises a radial machine with a hydraulic brush and non-abrasive discs to polish the propeller and other difficult areas without damaging the metal. It allows the removal of the layer of organic matter that, as in the extra surface of the submerged helmet, adheres to its surface over time and limits the speed, increases consumption and reduces the performance of the vessel. It is not necessary to subsequently use any type of product during the process or after cleaning. The rest of the elements of the sanding machine coincide with the elements of the brushing machine (6).
    [0150] It comprises at least one hydraulic brush and non-abrasive discs, and which is connected to the suction device for water to be treated (1) such that the removed encrustations are sucked up with the suction device for water to be treated (1) from the sanding machine up to the filter module (2).
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. - Water treatment plant characterized by being modular and comprising:
    - a device for suctioning the water to be treated (1);
    -at least one filter module (2), with at least one filter element;
    - at least one disinfectant module (3), with at least one UV reactor;
    -a filtered material outlet (4), through which the solids removed from the treated water are sent to a containment tank;
    -a treated water outlet (5), through which said treated water is sent to the sea.
    [2]
    2. - Water treatment plant according to claim 1 characterized in that the at least one filter element is a ring filter.
    [3]
    3. - Water treatment plant according to claim 2 characterized in that the ring filter is a polyethylene ring filter.
    [4]
    4. - Water treatment plant according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the filter module (2) comprises between 20 and 120 filters.
    [5]
    5. - Water treatment plant according to claim 1 characterized in that it additionally comprises a brushing machine (6) comprising at least one brush configured to remove incrustations from the hull of a ship and which is connected to the water suction device to treat (1) such that the removed scale is sucked up with the suction device for water to be treated (1) from the ship hull cleaning device (6) to the filter module (2).
    [6]
    6. - Water treatment plant according to claim 1 characterized in that it additionally comprises a sanding machine comprising at least one hydraulic brush and non-abrasive discs, and which is connected to the device for suction of water to be treated (1) such that The removed scale is sucked with the suction device for water to be treated (1) from the sanding machine to the filter module (2).
    [7]
    7. - Water treatment plant according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises an electronic programmer that controls the filter module (2) and is configured to control the passage of water through the filter elements.
    [8]
    8. Water treatment installation characterized in that it comprises at least two water treatment plants according to any one of the preceding claims installed in parallel.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2788249B2|2021-04-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    KR20060090581A|2005-02-09|2006-08-14|가부시끼가이샤 도시바|Apparatus for purifying ballast water and ship mounted the same|
    WO2013178296A1|2012-06-01|2013-12-05|Desmi Ocean Guard A/S|De-ballast filtration|
    EP2977355A1|2013-03-22|2016-01-27|Tech Cross Co., Ltd.|Ballast water treatment system|
    法律状态:
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